Cerebellar Development

Development of the Cerebellar Cortex

The cerebellum, with its highly geometric cytoarchitecture, is one of the brain structures that we analyzed most intensely over a period from the early 60s to the middle 90s.  We studied its normal development with 3H-thymidine autoradiography.  We used light microscopy and electron microscopy to study its development during prenatal and postnatal suckling period (birth to P21).  The same techniques were used to study the disorganized cerebellum after various exposures to postnatal X-irradiation.  We studied behavior in the cerebellar X-irradiated animals.  All of these studies culminated in our ability to explain how the normal cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex arises during its postnatal development.

Click For Full Size Cerebellar Illustrations
Click For Full Size Cerebellar Illustrations

Links to Papers:

Major Events During Prenatal Development of the Cerebellum Illustrations

Morphological Development of the Rat Cerebellum and Some ofIts Mechanisms

Prenatal Development of the Cerebellar System in the Rat I: CYTOGENESIS AND HISTOGENESIS OF THE DEEP NUCLEI AND THE CORTEX OF THE CEREBELLUM

Prenatal Development of the Cerebellar System in the Rat II: CYTOGENESIS AND HISTOGENESIS OF THE INFERIOR OLIVE, PONTINE GRAY, AND THE PRECEREBELLAR RETICULAR NUCLEI

Development of the Precerebellar Nuclei in the Rat: I: The Precerebellar Neuroepithelium of the Rhombencephalon

Development of the Precerebellar Nuclei in the Rat: II: The Intramural Olivary Migratory Stream and the Neurogenetic Organization of the Inferior Olive

Development of the Precerebellar Nuclei in the Rat III:
The Posterior Precerebellar Extramural Migratory Stream and the Lateral Reticular and External Cuneate Nuclei

Development of the Precerebellar Nuclei in the Rat: IV:
The Anterior Precerebellar Extramural Migratory Stream and the Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontis and the Basal Pontine Gray

Embryonic Development of the Rat Cerebellum I:
Delineation of the Cerebellar Primordium and Early Cell Movements

Embryonic Development of the Rat Cerebellum II:
Translocation and Regional Distribution of the Deep Neurons

Embryonic Development of the Rat Cerebellum III:
Regional Differences in the Time of Origin, Migration, and Settling of Purkinje Cells

Time of Origin and Distribution of a New Cell Type in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex

Coated Vesicles and Synaptogenesis: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX OF THE RAT

Reconstitution of the External Granular Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex in Infant Rats after Low-level X-irradiation

Autoradiographic and Histological Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis III: DATING’ THE TIME OF PRODUCTION AND ONSET OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CEREBELLAR MICRONEURONS IN RATS

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat I: THE EXTERNAL GERMINAL LAYER AND THE TRANSITIONAL MOLECULAR LAYER

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat III: MATURATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE GRANULAR LAYER

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat II: PHASES IN THE MATURATION OF PURKINJE CELLS AND OF THE MOLECULAR LAYER

Time of Origin and Distribution of a New Cell Type in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex

COATED VESICLES AND SYNAPTOGENESIS. A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX OF THE RAT

Reconstitution of the External Granular Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex in Infant Rats after Low-level X-irradiation

Autoradiographic and Histological Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis III: DATING THE TIME OF PRODUCTION AND ONSET OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CEREBELLAR MICRONEURONS IN RATS

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat I: THE EXTERNAL GERMINAL LAYER AND THE TRANSITIONAL MOLECULAR LAYER

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat II: PHASES IN THE MATURATION OF PURKINJE CELLS AND OF THE MOLECULAR LAYER

Postnatal Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in the Rat III: MATURATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE GRANULAR LAYER

POSTNATAL NEUROGENESIS IN THE CEREBELLUM OF THE CAT AND TRITIATED THYMIDINE AUTORADIOGRAPHY

Selective Destruction of Precursors of Microneurons of the Cerebellar Cortex with Fractionated Low-Dose X-Rays

Gross Morphological Consequences of Irradiation of the Cerebellum in Infant Rats with Repeated Doses of Low-Level X-Ray

Early Effects of X-Irradiation of the Cerebellum in Infant Rats: Decimation and Reconstitution of the External Granular Layer

Irradiation of the Cerebellum in Infant Rats with Low-Level X-Ray: Histological and Cytological Effects During Infancy and Adulthood

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex I: MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELIMINATION OF ALL MICRONEURONS WITH PROLONGED X-IRRADIATION STARTED AT BIRTH

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex II: EFFECTS OF ELIMINATION OF MOST MICRONEURONS WITH PROLONGED X-IRRADIATION STARTED AT FOUR DAYS

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex III: REGENERATION OF THE EXTERNAL GERMINAL LAYER AND GRANULE CELL ECTOPIA

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex IV: PARALLEL FIBER REORIENTATION FOLLOWING REGENERATION OF THE EXTERNAL GERMINAL LAYER

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex V: EFFECTS OF EARLY X-IRRADIATION SCHEDULES THAT ALLOW OR PREVENT THE ACQUISITION OF BASKET CELLS

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex VI: EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION SCHEDULES THAT ALLOW OR PREVENT CELL ACQUISITION AFTER BASKET CELLS ARE FORMED

Experimental Reorganization of the Cerebellar Cortex VII: EFFECTS OF LATE X-IRRADIATION SCHEDULES THAT INTERFERE WITH CELL ACQUISITION AFTER STELLATE CELLS ARE FORMED

For the book “Development of the Cerebellar System: In Relation to Its Evolution, Structure, and Functions” by Joseph Altman and Shirley A. Bayer….

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An outstanding presentation of what happens during normal cerebellar development.